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Many parents, almost two-thirds by some estimates, provide some sort of financial support for their adult children; but how far should those housing, cash, or debt lifelines go and when, or perhaps more importantly how, should that financial support end?
One financial case to consider…
After two-and-a-half years of working toward a business finance degree that he was not excited about, Spencer Shwetz decided to drop out of college to pursue a career in the film industry, despite his 3.4 grade point average. He had been living at home and commuting to college, and he continued living at home after leaving school.
He was in good company: fully 52 percent of young adults (27 million) ages 18 to 29 lived with one or both of their parents in 2020, the largest percentage since the Great Depression.1
How to deal with an adult child living at home
By October, Spencer’s parents had decided it was time for him to leave home.
“It was clear he wanted to be out on his own and I helped him make that transition quickly,” said Steve Shwetz, managing broker at a property management firm in Southern California. “Our relationship was strained for the first six months post-move out, but it is now better than when he was living at home.”
Spencer has a slightly different take. “I would say moving out shattered the relationship for the next year,” he said, because it was not his choice to move out.
Steve and his wife decided to give their son limited financial assistance as he transitioned to an independent life. “In exchange for leaving, we funded him monthly what we would have continued to pay for the local state university he was attending,” he said.
To some parents, it might sound like the Shwetzes were rewarding bad behavior. But Steve said he was OK with the arrangement because Spencer had a plan. (Related: Budget basics)
“My son decided his passion was to pursue a career behind the camera in Hollywood,” Steve said. “That industry is full of kids with film degrees, lots of student debt, and no job. In the film industry, it’s more about networking and being willing to work hard, sometimes for free, to get started.”
Spencer said the money lasted him less than a year and it went toward rent, utilities, and car insurance. He was not required to be accountable to his parents for how he spent the money, but they tracked what they had given him on a shared spreadsheet and “as soon as the spreadsheet showed the money was up, it was up,” he said.
Since dropping out, Spencer has worked on three feature films and numerous commercials and student films, among other endeavors. He is financially independent and debt free at age 22.
“I had saved all my life so I had money, but getting a chunk of my tuition every month gave me the comfort to go out and give away my time to learn instead of stressing and falling back on a regular 9-to-5 job,” Spencer said.
Many parents provide financial support to adult children
Circumstances like Spencer Shwetz’s are surprisingly common.
Nearly half (47 percent) of parents with an adult child (regardless of whether they live at home) provide them with at least some form of financial support, according to a recent survey by Savings.com.2
On average, parents who financially support their adult children give them $1,384 per month for expenses like food, health insurance, rent, credit card bills, cell phones, tuition, and even travel.
Many report that they put their child’s interests ahead of their own financial security. According to the survey, the average working parent gave their children more than twice the amount that they contributed to their own retirement savings monthly ($609 on average). And 58 percent of parents said they have sacrificed their own financial wellness for the sake of their adult children, up from 37 percent of parents who said the same in 2023. (Calculator: How much do I need for retirement?)
How to financially help, not harm
Financial professional Paul Ruedi, CEO of Ruedi Wealth Management in Champaign, Illinois, said that in his more than 30 years of experience with his clients, arrangements where parents help their adult children financially work best when the parents insist that the child meet with him.
“I am not against helping, but I think parents need someone between them and the children, someone to help establish realistic rules,” Ruedi said. “I try to get them to write an agreement with specific terms. For example, if it is a loan, create a loan document that gets signed. If it is ongoing support, we write down how much to expect and for how long. Then all parties sign. That way, if a child suddenly ‘forgets’ and starts to whine, the parents can drag out the agreement.”
Ruedi said he also tries to spot kids who do not live in reality and are not willing to live up to any responsibility and suggests that parents not give money in those cases. For kids that can be helped, he asks them for their plan of attack to get back on their own two feet. (Learn more: Life’s milestones delayed)
Ruedi and Steve Shwetz suggested specific ways to help adult children that do not provide excessive assistance or strain parents’ budgets.
Shwetz suggested keeping an adult child on the parents’ health insurance plan for as long as possible or until the child can get health insurance from their employer since the cost is minimal. He said he did this for Spencer. Another easy way to help is to keep the child on the family mobile phone plan. Spencer is still on his family’s plan, but contributes $30 a month to cover his share, which is substantially less than he would pay on his own.
He and his wife also offered to match dollar for dollar any IRA contributions their three sons made during their first year of working and paid for half of their first cars. They plan to match their sons’ down payments dollar for dollar too when the time comes to buy a house. (Learn more: Buying a first home)
“Today more than ever kids need help starting out, but that help should be measured, finite, and clearly defined,” Shwetz said.
Ruedi also believes in helping children with a first home purchase and said this is the most common type of help he sees his clients offering their children — either the gift of a down payment or being the bank by creating a formal loan from parent to child. If a parent has a fairly large fixed-income investment portfolio, they can usually create a mortgage where the interest rate can be favorable to the children yet compete with their current yield of the parents’ portfolio.
But he added that the families that can make a business-like loan arrangement with a child are the exception. Most of the time, when his clients mention lending children money, he tells them, “Let’s not call it a loan, let’s just consider it a gift. We can structure the loan, but emotionally, be prepared for it to never be repaid.”
Tips to avoid creating an entitled adult child
“You can’t help most adult children just a little,” Ruedi said. “Make sure that whatever you are thinking about doing, you can continue forever because that’s generally how it works.”
He said that in his experience, many children begin to expect the help and do not realize that it is intended to be temporary support, and he has seen adult children give their parents a hard time at the first notion the support must come to an end. That is why he recommends creating a written agreement up front.
Gary Silverman, founder of Personal Money Planning, a registered investment advisor in Wichita Falls, Texas, said parents should ask themselves how much they can afford to give. “What will you have to give up in order to provide this money to them?” he asks. “Will you have to delay your retirement or forget about the travel you were planning later in life? Downsize your home? Live on Social Security as your only means of support in old age? Run the numbers — what are you giving up?”
Remember, too, that parents who provide financial support might be harming their adult children’s chances of success if the support prevents them from developing the skills they need to be self-sufficient.
“If your child had a one-time, out-of-their-control need and you have the resources to help them through this hard time without bankrupting your own goals, then I see no problem in helping them out,” Silverman said. But his experience has been that kids cannot bring themselves to give up their wants to be able to afford their needs and parents will rob from their own futures to help their kids continue down this path.
Silverman added that an expense that might at first seem to be beyond a child’s control might not really be so when you dig deeper.
“If your child was saddled by health-care costs that they didn’t have insurance to cover, that was a controllable problem — if they had the insurance,” Silverman said. “Maybe they couldn’t afford it, but if they either opted out of the insurance or went with the cheapest policy so that they could live in a nicer house, go on vacations, or [pay for] other expenses less important than their health, I’m thinking this was controllable.”
Kids who benefit from their parents’ generosity and do become self-sufficient may not realize that there will be a bill to pay later, when they have to support their parents because the help they provided means the parents cannot afford their own retirement.
The financial bottom line
Parents who help their adult children with money should set limits on their generosity to teach them responsibility and ensure that the financial assistance they do provide does not put their financial future at risk.
It is one thing to help a child who is doing his or her best and genuinely struggling; it is another to fuel a sense of entitlement.
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This article was originally published in November, 2016. It has been updated.
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1 Pew Research Center, “A majority of young adults in the U.S. live with their parents for the first time since the Great Depression,” Sept. 4, 2020.
2 Savings.com, “47% of Parents Still Cover Costs For Their Adult Children, Including Vacations and Credit Card Payments,” May 21, 2024.